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Even before her accession to the English throne Elizabeth was expected to marry and had no shortage of suitors. Once queen her prospective marriage became a matter of national importance and parliamentary debate because it was inseparable from the questions of who would succeed her on the throne...
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Elizabeth’s accession in 1558 was universally met with expectations of change in religion. Catholics dreaded the renewal of schism from Rome, while Protestants eagerly anticipated the continuation of reforms begun under Henry VIII and Edward VI.
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The Elizabethan Settlement of religion achieved in the 1559 Parliament left many loose ends. Elizabeth, as supreme governor of the church attempted to prevent Parliament from passing or even discussing further religious measures despite a very widely perceived need for ongoing reformation. As a...
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The sixth of our articles for Parliament Week, 2012. Dr Paul Seaward discusses parliament's attempts to persuade their monarch, Elizabeth I, that Mary, Queen of Scots, should be executed for treason in 1586.
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The patent system was originally intended to foster economic growth, encourage investment and enterprise, and create employment for the poor; however, patents of monopoly also provided a source of extra-parliamentary revenue to the Crown and were a means of rewarding courtiers who brought new...
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By the mid-sixteenth century it was customary that at the opening of Parliament Speakers would request confirmation of the ‘ancient liberties’ of the Commons, namely freedom of speech and ‘privilege’ from arrest during sessions. From the beginning of her reign Elizabeth tried to reserve...
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Social and economic legislation occupied a great deal of time in Elizabethan Parliaments and was considered, after the granting of taxation, to be the primary function of the House of Commons. Hundreds of bills were initiated concerning industries such as the manufacture and trade of cloth,...
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